Experimental Typst web edition · Veto chapter pilot

Bibliography

[1] R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, “\mathrm{CP} Conservation in the Presence of Pseudoparticles”, Physical Review Letters, vol. 38, no. 25, pp. 1440–1443, Jun. 1977, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.38.1440.
[2] R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, “Constraints imposed by \mathrm{CP} conservation in the presence of pseudoparticles”, Physical Review D, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1791–1797, Sep. 1977, doi: 10.1103/physrevd.16.1791.
[3] S. Weinberg, “A New Light Boson?,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 223–226, Jan. 1978, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.40.223.
[4] F. Wilczek, “Problem of Strong \mathrm{P} and \mathrm{T} Invariance in the Presence of Instantons”, Physical Review Letters, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 279–282, Jan. 1978, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.40.279.
[5] J. Preskill, M. B. Wise, and F. Wilczek, “Cosmology of the Invisible Axion,” Physics Letters B, vol. 120, pp. 127–132, 1983, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90637-8.
[6] L. F. Abbott and P. Sikivie, “A Cosmological Bound on the Invisible Axion,” Physics Letters B, vol. 120, pp. 133–136, 1983, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90638-x.
[7] M. Dine and W. Fischler, “The Not So Harmless Axion,” Physics Letters B, vol. 120, pp. 137–141, 1983, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90639-1.
[8] L. Di Luzio, M. Giannotti, E. Nardi, and L. Visinelli, “The landscape of QCD axion models,” Physics Reports, vol. 870, pp. 1–117, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2020.06.002.
[9] F. Chadha-Day, J. Ellis, and D. J. E. Marsh, “Axion dark matter: What is it and why now?,” Science Advances, vol. 8, no. 8, p. eabj3618, 2022, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3618.
[10] Particle Data Group, “Axions and Other Similar Particles.” Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/reviews/rpp2025-rev-axions.pdf
[11] P. Sikivie, “Experimental tests of the invisible axion,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 51, p. 1415, 1983, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.51.1415.
[12] V. Anastassopoulos, S. Aune, K. Barth, et al., “New CAST limit on the axion–photon interaction,” Nature Physics, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 584–590, Jun. 2017, doi: 10.1038/nphys4109.
[13] E. Armengaud, F. Avignone, M. Betz, P. Brax, P. Brun, and others, “Conceptual Design of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO),” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 9, p. T05002, 2014, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/05/t05002.
[14] A. Abeln and others, “Conceptual design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 5, p. 137, 2021, doi: 10.1007/jhep05(2021)137.
[15] L. Helary and others, “IAXO Technical Coordination Report,” Presentation at the 23rd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, DESY, Mar. 2026.
[16] S. Aune and others, “Low background x-ray detection with Micromegas for axion research,” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 9, no. 01, p. P01001–P01001, Jan. 2014, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/01/p01001.
[17] K. Altenmüller, J. F. Castel, S. Cebrián, et al., “Background discrimination with a Micromegas detector prototype and veto system for BabyIAXO,” Frontiers in Physics, vol. 12, 2024, doi: 10.3389/fphy.2024.1384415.
[18] I. G. Irastorza, F. Avignone, S. Caspi, J. Carmona, T. Dafni, and others, “Towards a new generation axion helioscope,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 1106, p. 13, 2011, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/06/013.
[19] C. Abel and others, “Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 124, no. 8, p. 81803, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081803.
[20] R. J. Crewther, P. Di Vecchia, G. Veneziano, and E. Witten, “Chiral Estimate of the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron in Quantum Chromodynamics,” Physics Letters B, vol. 88, p. 123, 1979, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90128-x.
[21] M. Pospelov and A. Ritz, “Electric dipole moments as probes of new physics,” Annals of Physics, vol. 318, pp. 119–169, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.aop.2005.04.002.
[22] G. Grilli di Cortona, E. Hardy, J. Pardo Vega, and G. Villadoro, “The QCD axion, precisely,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1, p. 34, 2016, doi: 10.1007/jhep01(2016)034.
[23] M. Gorghetto and G. Villadoro, “Topological susceptibility and QCD axion mass: QED and NNLO corrections,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2019, no. 3, p. 33, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1007/jhep03(2019)033.
[24] H. Primakoff, “Photo-Production of Neutral Mesons in Nuclear Electric Fields and the Mean Life of the Neutral Meson,” Physical Review, vol. 81, no. 5, p. 899, Mar. 1951, doi: 10.1103/physrev.81.899.
[25] A. Halprin, C. M. Andersen, and H. Primakoff, “Photonic Decay Rates and Nuclear-Coulomb-Field Coherent Production Processes,” Physical Review, vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 1295–1303, Dec. 1966, doi: 10.1103/physrev.152.1295.
[26] J. Redondo, “Solar axion flux from the axion-electron coupling,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2013, no. 12, p. 8, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/12/008.
[27] J. E. Kim, “Weak-Interaction Singlet and Strong \mathrm{CP} Invariance”, Physical Review Letters, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 103–107, Jul. 1979, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.43.103.
[28] M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein, and V. I. Zakharov, “Can confinement ensure natural CP invariance of strong interactions?,” Nuclear Physics B, vol. 166, no. 3, pp. 493–506, 1980, doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(80)90209-6.
[29] M. Dine, W. Fischler, and M. Srednicki, “A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion,” Physics Letters B, vol. 104, pp. 199–202, 1981, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90590-6.
[30] A. R. Zhitnitsky, “On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions. (In Russian),” Soviet Journal of Nuclear Physics, vol. 31, p. 260, 1980.
[31] Y. Chikashige, R. N. Mohapatra, and R. D. Peccei, “Are There Real Goldstone Bosons Associated with Broken Lepton Number?,” Physics Letters B, vol. 98, pp. 265–268, 1981, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90011-3.
[32] A. E. Nelson and N. Seiberg, “R-symmetry breaking versus supersymmetry breaking,” Nuclear Physics B, vol. 416, no. 1, pp. 46–62, 1994, doi: 10.1016/0550-3213(94)90577-0.
[33] J. Jaeckel and A. Ringwald, “The Low-Energy Frontier of Particle Physics,” Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 405–437, 2010, doi: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.012809.104433.
[34] P. Svrcek and E. Witten, “Axions in string theory,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2006, no. 06, p. 51, Jun. 2006, doi: 10.1088/1126-6708/2006/06/051.
[35] D. J. E. Marsh, “Axion Cosmology,” Physics Reports, vol. 643, pp. 1–79, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2016.06.005.
[36] A. Caputo and G. Raffelt, “Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition,” 2024.
[37] G. G. Raffelt, “Astrophysical Axion Bounds,” in Axions: Theory, Cosmology, and Experimental Searches, M. Kuster, G. Raffelt, and B. Beltrán, Eds., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 51–71. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-73518-2_3.
[38] P. W. Graham, I. G. Irastorza, S. K. Lamoreaux, A. Lindner, and K. A. van Bibber, “Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-Like Particles,” Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, vol. 65, pp. 485–514, 2015, doi: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102014-022120.
[39] I. G. Irastorza and J. Redondo, “New experimental approaches in the search for axion-like particles,” Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, vol. 102, pp. 89–159, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.05.003.
[40] K. Ehret and others, “New ALPS Results on Hidden-Sector Lightweights,” Physics Letters B, vol. 689, pp. 149–155, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.04.066.
[41] D. C. Brotherton and others, “Any Light Particle Searches with ALPS II: first science results,” 2025.
[42] K. Altenmüller and others, “A new upper limit on the axion-photon coupling with an extended CAST run with a Xe-based Micromegas detector,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 133, p. 221005, 2024, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.221005.
[43] D. Budker, P. W. Graham, M. Ledbetter, S. Rajendran, and A. Sushkov, “Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr),” Physical Review X, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 21030, 2014, doi: 10.1103/physrevx.4.021030.
[44] C. O'Hare, “AxionLimits.” Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/cajohare/AxionLimits/tree/7d375f4879b32406a239fe48d2615a4bfd9bc0bb
[45] M. J. Dolan, F. J. Hiskens, and R. R. Volkas, “Advancing Globular Cluster Constraints on the Axion-Photon Coupling,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 10, p. 96, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/096.
[46] S. Hoof, J. Jaeckel, and L. J. Thormaehlen, “Quantifying uncertainties in the solar axion flux and their impact on determining axion model parameters,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 9, p. 6, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2021/09/006.
[47] T. Schiffer, “Detector development towards axion searches with BabyIAXO,” phdthesis, 2025. doi: 10.48565/bonndoc-600.
[48] A. Caputo, A. J. Millar, and E. Vitagliano, “Revisiting longitudinal plasmon-axion conversion in external magnetic fields,” Physical Review D, vol. 101, p. 123004, 2020, doi: 10.1103/physrevd.101.123004.
[49] S. Andriamonje and others, “An improved limit on the axion–photon coupling from the CAST experiment,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2007, no. 04, p. 10, Apr. 2007, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2007/04/010.
[50] E. Arik and others, “Probing eV-scale axions with CAST,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 902, p. 8, 2009, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2009/02/008.
[51] M. Arik, S. Aune, K. Barth, A. Belov, S. Borghi, and others, “CAST solar axion search with ^3He buffer gas: Closing the hot dark matter gap”, Physical Review Letters, vol. 112, p. 91302, 2014, doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.091302.
[52] G. Cowan and L. Lista, “Statistics.” Accessed: Sep. 05, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://pdg.lbl.gov/2025/reviews/rpp2025-rev-statistics.pdf
[53] D. Autiero and others, “The CAST time projection chamber,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 9, p. 171, 2007, doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/171.
[54] P. Abbon and others, “The Micromegas detector of the CAST experiment,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 9, p. 170, 2007, doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/170.
[55] M. Kuster and others, “The X-ray Telescope of CAST,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 9, p. 169, 2007, doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/6/169.
[56] F. Aznar, J. Castel, F. E. Christensen, et al., “A Micromegas-based low-background x-ray detector coupled to a slumped-glass telescope for axion research,” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 2015, no. 12, p. 8, 2015, doi: 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/12/008.
[57] I. Irastorza and others, “The International Axion Observatory IAXO. Letter of Intent to the CERN SPS committee,” techreport, 2013.
[58] A. Arcusa and others, “The International Axion Observatory (IAXO): case, status and plans. Input to the European Strategy for Particle Physics,” 2025.
[59] A. Abeln and others, “Axion search with BabyIAXO in view of IAXO,” Proceedings of Science, no. ICHEP2020, p. 631, 2021, doi: 10.22323/1.390.0631.
[60] A. C. Jakobsen, M. J. Pivovaroff, and F. E. Christensen, “X-ray optics for axion helioscopes,” in Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VI, SPIE, 2013, pp. 416–422. doi: 10.1117/12.2024476.
[61] M. Mentink, W. Boerwinkel, B. Curé, et al., “Status of the BabyIAXO Superconducting Dipole,” Presentation at the 23rd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, DESY, Hamburg, Mar. 05, 2026.
[62] A. Quintana García, “Solar Axion Searches with BabyIAXO.” Accessed: Sep. 05, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://indico.capa.unizar.es/event/40/contributions/779/attachments/612/1210/IDM_2026_BabyIAXO_AnaQuintana.pdf
[63] University of Bonn, “Hunting for the Axion with a Huge Magnet.” Accessed: Sep. 05, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.uni-bonn.de/en/news/158-2026-1
[64] J. K. Vogel and others, “Update on X-Ray Telescopes for (Baby)IAXO,” Presentation at the 23rd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, DESY, Mar. 2026.
[65] U. Schneekloth and others, “Some Thoughts on IAXO Site and SDS,” Presentation at the 22nd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, Dortmund, Sep. 2025.
[66] L. Helary, A. Lindner, and I. Manthos, “General Information, IAXO Collaboration Meeting,” Presentation at the 23rd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, DESY, Mar. 2026.
[67] B. L. Henke, E. M. Gullikson, and J. C. Davis, “X-ray interactions: photoabsorption, scattering, transmission, and reflection at E=50-30000 eV, Z=1-92,” Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 181–342, 1993, Accessed: Oct. 11, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://henke.lbl.gov/optical_constants/
[68] M. J. Berger, J. H. Hubbell, S. M. Seltzer, et al., “XCOM: Photon Cross Section Database (version 1.5).” Accessed: May 16, 2024. [Online]. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/xcom
[69] I. Katsioulas, P. Knights, and K. Nikolopoulos, “Ionisation quenching factors from W-values in pure gases for rare event searches,” Astroparticle Physics, vol. 141, p. 102707, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2022.102707.
[70] J. Lindhard, V. Nielsen, M. Scharff, and P. V. Thomsen, “Integral Equations Governing Radiation Effects,” Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1–42, 1963.
[71] U. Fano, “Ionization Yield of Radiations. II. The Fluctuations of the Number of Ions,” Physical Review, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 26–29, Jul. 1947, doi: 10.1103/physrev.72.26.
[72] H. Schindler and R. Veenhof, “Garfield++ User Guide.” 2024. Accessed: May 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://garfieldpp.web.cern.ch/garfieldpp/
[73] T. Zerguerras, B. Genolini, V. Lepeltier, J. Peyré, J. Pouthas, and P. Rosier, “Single electron response and energy resolution of a Micromegas detector,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, vol. 608, pp. 397–402, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.07.015.
[74] G. Charpak, J. Derre, Y. Giomataris, and P. Rebourgeard, “MICROMEGAS, a multipurpose gaseous detector,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 478, pp. 26–36, 2002, doi: 10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01713-2.
[75] T. Papaevangelou, “Development and performance of microbulk Micromegas detectors,” Jun. 2009. Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: http://candia.inp.demokritos.gr/mpgd2009/
[76] F. J. Iguaz and others, “New developments in Micromegas microbulk detectors,” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 7, p. C04007, 2012, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/7/04/c04007.
[77] C. Margalejo Blasco, “Searching for solar axions with ultra-low background Micromegas detectors in the IAXO pathfinder system at CAST,” PhD thesis, 2026.
[78] A. Quintana and others, “Spatial resolution studies with the BabyIAXO Micromegas prototype,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, vol. 1083, p. 171176, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2025.171176.
[79] D. Calvet, “A Versatile Readout System for Small to Medium Scale Gaseous and Silicon Detectors,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 675–682, 2014, doi: 10.1109/tns.2014.2299312.
[80] E. Ruiz Chóliz, “Ultra-Low Background Microbulk Micromegas X-Ray Detectors for Axion Searches in IAXO and BabyIAXO,” phdthesis, 2019.
[81] E. Picatoste and others, “Update the Micromegas Radiopure Electronics,” Presentation at the 21st IAXO Collaboration Meeting, Mar. 2025.
[82] M. Jimenez Puyuelo and others, “IAXO-D1 Micromegas Setups at LSC and Zaragoza: Status of Background Model,” Presentation at the 23rd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, DESY, Mar. 2026.
[83] P. Baron, S. Anvar, B. Blank, et al., “AGET, the Get Front-End ASIC, for the readout of the Time Projection Chambers used in Nuclear Physic Experiments,” in 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2011.
[84] J. Bortfeldt, F. Brunbauer, C. David, et al., “PICOSEC: Charged particle timing at sub-25 picosecond precision with a Micromegas based detector,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 903, pp. 317–325, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.04.033.
[85] L. A. Obis Aparicio, “Measuring electron drift velocities using a Micromegas detector,” Internal presentation of the CEA Saclay internship study, Dec. 20, 2022. Accessed: Oct. 15, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TECE-NTw-lrwP4QrvV4JHLu9SmnKRvNG/view
[86] K. Altenmüller, S. Cebrián, T. Dafni, et al., “REST-for-Physics, a ROOT-based framework for event oriented data analysis and combined Monte Carlo response,” Computer Physics Communications, vol. 273, p. 108281, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108281.
[87] S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako, et al., “Geant4—a simulation toolkit,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 506, no. 3, pp. 250–303, 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01368-8.
[88] J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, et al., “Geant4 developments and applications,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 270–278, 2006, doi: 10.1109/tns.2006.869826.
[89] J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, et al., “Recent developments in Geant4,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 835, pp. 186–225, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125.
[90] R. Brun and F. Rademakers, “ROOT — An object oriented data analysis framework,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 389, no. 1, pp. 81–86, 1997, doi: 10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00048-x.
[91] C. Hagmann, D. Lange, and D. Wright, “Cosmic-ray shower generator (CRY) for Monte Carlo transport codes,” in 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2007, pp. 1143–1146. doi: 10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437209.
[92] J. Pivarski, H. Schreiner, A. Hollands, et al., “Uproot.” Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/scikit-hep/uproot5
[93] D. Heck, J. Knapp, J. N. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, and T. Thouw, “CORSIKA: A Monte Carlo code to simulate extensive air showers,” Karlsruhe, techreport, Feb. 1998.
[94] L. A. Obis Aparicio, “cosmic-ray-secondaries.” Accessed: Apr. 14, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/lobis/cosmic-ray-secondaries
[95] C. R. Heimbach, “Cosmic Coincidences: Investigations for Neutron Background Suppression,” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 95–105, 2007, doi: 10.6028/jres.112.007.
[96] T. Sato, “Analytical Model for Estimating the Zenith Angle Dependence of Terrestrial Cosmic Ray Fluxes,” PLOS ONE, vol. 11, no. 8, p. e0160390, 2016, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160390.
[97] T. Sato, “Analytical Model for Estimating Terrestrial Cosmic Ray Fluxes Nearly Anytime and Anywhere in the World: Extension of PARMA/EXPACS,” PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 12, p. e0144679, 2015, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144679.
[98] S. E. A. Orrigo, J. L. Tain, N. Mont-Geli, et al., “Long-term evolution of the neutron rate at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory,” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 82, p. 814, 2022, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10755-6.
[99] M. Guan, M.-C. Chu, J. Cao, K.-B. Luk, and C. Yang, “A parametrization of the cosmic-ray muon flux at sea-level,” Sep. 2015.
[100] Á. Quero-Ballesteros, “Neutron Spectrometry with HENSA at HERA South,” Presentation at the 21st IAXO Collaboration Meeting; archived collaboration slides, pp. 10–17, Mar. 11, 2025.
[101] D. Díez Ibáñez and L. A. Obis Aparicio, “Efficient cosmic ray generator for particle detector simulations,” Computer Physics Communications, vol. 317, p. 109805, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109805.
[102] R. Chytracek, J. McCormick, W. Pokorski, and G. Santin, “Geometry description markup language for physics simulation and analysis applications.,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 53, p. 2892, 2006, doi: 10.1109/tns.2006.881062.
[103] L. A. Obis Aparicio, “gas-cli.” Accessed: May 13, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/lobis/gas-cli
[104] D. Pfeiffer and others, “Interfacing Geant4, Garfield++ and Degrad for the Simulation of Gaseous Detectors,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 935, pp. 121–134, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.04.110.
[105] F. Pedregosa, G. Varoquaux, A. Gramfort, et al., “Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python,” Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 12, pp. 2825–2830, 2011.
[106] J. H. Friedman, “Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine,” The Annals of Statistics, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1189–1232, 2001, doi: 10.1214/aos/1013203451.
[107] H.-J. Yang, B. P. Roe, and J. Zhu, “Studies of Boosted Decision Trees for MiniBooNE Particle Identification,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, vol. 555, pp. 370–385, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2005.09.022.
[108] E. Aprile and others, “XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection,” Physical Review D, vol. 100, p. 52014, 2019, doi: 10.1103/physrevd.100.052014.
[109] CMS Collaboration and LHCb Collaboration, “Observation of the rare $𝐵_{𝑠}^{0} 𝑡 𝑜 𝑚 𝑢^{+} 𝑚 𝑢^{-}$ decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data”, Nature, vol. 522, pp. 68–72, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nature14474.
[110] K. Albertsson, S. Gleyzer, A. Hoecker, et al., “TMVA 4: Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis with ROOT: Users Guide.” May 26, 2020. Accessed: Oct. 10, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://root.cern.ch/download/doc/tmva/TMVAUsersGuide.pdf
[111] IAXO Collaboration, “iaxo-simulations.” Accessed: Apr. 14, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/iaxo/iaxo-simulations
[112] D. Thain, T. Tannenbaum, and M. Livny, “Distributed computing in practice: the Condor experience,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 17, no. 2–4, pp. 323–356, 2005, doi: 10.1002/cpe.938.
[113] T. Mkrtchyan, K. Chitrapu, V. Garonne, et al., “dCache: Inter-disciplinary storage system,” EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 251, p. 2010, 2021, doi: 10.1051/epjconf/202125102010.
[114] E. Moyse, F. Ali, E. Cortina, R. M. Bianchi, and B. Couturier, “The Phoenix event display framework,” EPJ Web of Conferences, vol. 251, p. 1007, 2021, doi: 10.1051/epjconf/202125101007.
[115] L. A. Obis Aparicio, “feminos-daq.” Accessed: May 03, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/rest-for-physics/feminos-daq
[116] L. A. Obis Aparicio, “hvps.” Accessed: May 13, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://github.com/lobis/hvps
[117] L. A. Obis and others, “Status of Cosmic-Ray Induced Background Simulations,” Presentation at the 20th IAXO Collaboration Meeting, Oct. 2023.
[118] Eljen Technology, “EJ-426 Thermal Neutron Detector.” Jul. 2021. Accessed: Oct. 14, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://eljentechnology.com/images/products/data_sheets/EJ-426.pdf
[119] J. M. Blatt and V. F. Weisskopf, Theoretical nuclear physics. New York: Springer, 1979. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-9959-2.
[120] Geant4 Collaboration, “Geant4 Physics Reference Manual: Binary Cascade Modeling Overview.” Accessed: Oct. 17, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://geant4.web.cern.ch/documentation/dev/prm_html/PhysicsReferenceManual/hadronic/BinaryCascade/modeling.html
[121] Geant4 Collaboration, “Geant4 Physics Reference Manual: Evaporation Model.” Accessed: Oct. 17, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://geant4.web.cern.ch/documentation/dev/prm_html/PhysicsReferenceManual/hadronic/Evaporation/ModelDescription.html
[122] R. B. Firestone and Z. Revay, Eds., “Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture for Elemental Analysis.” in IAEA STI/PUB/1263. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2007. Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www-nds.iaea.org/pgaa/
[123] Geant4 Collaboration, “Geant4 Physics Reference Manual.” 2021. Accessed: May 13, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://geant4.web.cern.ch/docs/
[124] Geant4 Collaboration, “Geant4 Neutron Data Library 4.6.” 2021. Accessed: May 13, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://geant4.web.cern.ch/download/11.0.0.html
[125] P. Grabmayr, T. Hehl, A. Stahl, J. Annand, and R. Owens, “A high-resolution, large acceptance scintillation time-of-flight spectrometer,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 402, no. 1, pp. 85–94, 1998, doi: 10.1016/s0168-9002(97)01068-1.
[126] J. B. Birks, The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1964.
[127] Geant4 Collaboration, “Geant4 Book for Application Developers: Birks Quenching.” 2026. Accessed: May 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://geant4.web.cern.ch/documentation/dev/bfad_html/ForApplicationDevelopers/Detector/birks.html
[128] G. Ros, G. Sáez-Cano, G. A. Medina-Tanco, and A. D. Supanitsky, “On the Design of Experiments Based on Plastic Scintillators Using Geant4 Simulations,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 153, pp. 140–151, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.09.021.
[129] V. V. Porosev and G. A. Savinov, “Evaluation of Boron-Enriched Plastic Scintillator for Thermal Neutron Detection,” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 14, no. 06, p. P06003, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/p06003.
[130] T. Pöschl, D. Greenwald, M. J. Losekamm, and S. Paul, “Measurement of Ionization Quenching in Plastic Scintillators,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 988, p. 164865, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164865.
[131] D. Chouhan, “Cosmic muon veto,” Internal collaboration presentation, slides 2, 5, and 7–8, Mar. 2026. Accessed: Sep. 05, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://indico.cern.ch/event/1630057/contributions/6948914/attachments/3233055/5763570/DhruvChouhan_CosmicMuonVeto_IAXOCollab2026.pdf
[132] F. Garwood, “Fiducial Limits for the Poisson Distribution,” Biometrika, vol. 28, no. 3–4, pp. 437–442, 1936, doi: 10.1093/biomet/28.3-4.437.
[133] G. Bohm and G. Zech, “Statistics of weighted Poisson events and its applications,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, vol. 748, pp. 1–6, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.02.021.
[134] S. Cebrian and others, “Radiopurity of Micromegas readout planes,” Astroparticle Physics, vol. 34, pp. 354–359, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.09.003.
[135] F. Aznar and others, “Assessment of material radiopurity for Rare Event experiments using Micromegas,” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 8, no. 11, p. C11012–C11012, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/8/11/c11012.
[136] P. Benetti, F. Calaprice, E. Calligarich, et al., “Measurement of the specific activity of 39Ar in natural argon,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 574, no. 1, pp. 83–88, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2007.01.106.
[137] P. Agnes and others, “Results from the first use of low radioactivity argon in a dark matter search,” Physical Review D, vol. 93, no. 8, p. 81101, 2016, doi: 10.1103/physrevd.93.081101.
[138] M. Agostini, A. Alexander, G. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, and others, “Measurement of the 85Kr specific activity in the GERDA liquid argon,” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 85, p. 518, 2025, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14135-8.
[139] P. Novella and others, “Measurement of radon-induced backgrounds in the NEXT double beta decay experiment,” Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 10, p. 112, 2018, doi: 10.1007/jhep10(2018)112.
[140] V. E. Guiseppe, S. R. Elliott, A. Hime, K. Rielage, and S. Westerdale, “A Radon Progeny Deposition Model,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1338, pp. 95–100, 2011, doi: 10.1063/1.3579565.
[141] K. Altenmüller, J. F. Castel, S. Cebrián, et al., “AlphaCAMM, a Micromegas-based camera for high-sensitivity screening of alpha surface contamination,” Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 17, no. 08, p. P08035, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/08/p08035.
[142] M. Jimenez Puyuelo and others, “Status of IAXO-D1 Prototypes at Zaragoza and Canfranc,” Presentation at the 21st IAXO Collaboration Meeting, Mar. 2025.
[143] M. Jimenez Puyuelo and others, “Status of the IAXO-D1 Prototype at Canfranc,” Presentation at the 22nd IAXO Collaboration Meeting, Dortmund, Sep. 2025.
[144] J. Castel, S. Cebrián, I. Coarasa, et al., “Background assessment for the TREX dark matter experiment,” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 79, 2019, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7282-6.
[145] L. Baudis, A. Kish, F. Piastra, and M. Schumann, “Cosmogenic activation of xenon and copper,” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 75, 2015, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3711-3.
[146] Z. She, Z. Zeng, H. Ma, et al., “Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments,” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 81, 2021, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09827-w.
[147] C. Cogollos Triviño, “New experimental techniques for axion searches in the RADES and BabyIAXO experiments,” phdthesis, 2025. Accessed: Aug. 30, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/221031
[148] L. Pattavina, J. W. Beeman, M. Clemenza, et al., “Radiopurity of an archeological Roman lead cryogenic detector,” The European Physical Journal A, vol. 55, 2019, doi: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12809-0.
[149] V. Chisté and M. M. Bé, “ ${}^{{238}}$ U: Comments on Evaluation of Decay Data”, Decay-data evaluation, Jan. 2006. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www-nds.iaea.org/act_ddl/data/U-238_com.pdf
[150] J. M. Verbeke, C. Hagmann, and D. Wright, “Simulation of Neutron and Gamma Ray Emission from Fission and Photofission: LLNL Fission Library 2.0.2,” Technical report UCRL-AR-228518-REV-1, Oct. 2016. Accessed: Sep. 22, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://nuclear.llnl.gov/simulation/fission_v2.0.2.pdf
[151] S. Westerdale and P. D. Meyers, “Radiogenic Neutron Yield Calculations for Low-Background Experiments,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.007.
[152] V. A. Kudryavtsev, P. Zakhary, and B. Easeman, “Neutron Production in \alpha,n Reactions”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164095.
[153] Á. Quero-Ballesteros and others, “Characterization of the Neutron Background Spectrum at DESY with HENSA++: Status and Future Steps,” Presentation at the 22nd IAXO Collaboration Meeting; preliminary results and systematic qualifications, pp. 12–17, Sep. 17, 2025.
[154] H. Wulandari, J. Jochum, W. Rau, and F. von Feilitzsch, “Neutron Flux at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory Revisited,” Astroparticle Physics, vol. 22, pp. 313–322, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.07.005.
[155] J. J. Duderstadt and L. J. Hamilton, Nuclear reactor analysis, 1st ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1976.
[156] M. T. Swinhoe and N. Ensslin, “The origin of neutron radiation,” in Nondestructive assay of nuclear materials for safeguards and security, W. H. Geist, P. A. Santi, and M. T. Swinhoe, Eds., Cham: Springer, 2024, pp. 289–306. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-58277-6_13.